Activity #1: APA Paper Template

Instructions: Compare the sample student paper to the APA Student Paper Template. What needs to be corrected?

Activity #2: How to "read" articles (paraphrase)

Instructions: Review the How to Read image, then open one of these articles, go to the conclusion, and find an idea that could help you with your paper. Write a sentence paraphrasing the idea, then write the APA in-text citation. 

Baker, Z. G., Krieger, H., & LeRoy, A. S. (2016). Fear of missing out: relationships with depression, mindfulness, and physical symptoms. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 2(3), 275–282.

Permalink: http://lynn-lang.student.lynn.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=2016-47442-007&site=ehost-live&scope=siteLinks to an external site.

Barry, C. T., Reiter, S. R., Anderson, A. C., Schoessler, M. L., & Sidoti, C. L. (2019). “Let me take another selfie”: Further examination of the relation between narcissism, self-perception, and instagram posts. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(1), 22–33. 

Permalink: http://lynn-lang.student.lynn.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=2017-20839-001&site=ehost-live&scope=siteLinks to an external site.

Bradley, S. W., Roberts, J. A., & Bradley, P. W. (2019). Experimental evidence of observed social media status cues on perceived likability. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(1), 41–51.

Permalink: http://lynn-lang.student.lynn.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=2017-51799-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Activity #3: "Quote Sandwich"

Instructions: Review the Quote Sandwich image. Use the "Phrases to Introduce Sources" handout. Find a part of a sentence from an article in Activity #2 and quote it. Make sure to:

• Introduce it
• Correctly use quotation marks and an APA citation
• Explain the quote

Activity #4: Use information as evidence in your writing

Instructions: Write a 5-6 sentence paragraph using evidence from one of the research articles assigned for this class. The paragraph should focus on one concept/idea from the article and be cohesive. If you have already written part of your paper, use a paragraph from your paper. If you have not written any of your paper, this paragraph can be used in your paper.

Your paragraph must include:

• a sentence that is paraphrased from the article and one that includes a direct quote from the article
• correctly formatted and punctuated APA in-text citations for both
• a reference list for the paragraph (it will have one to two entries)

Follow correct APA format, including double spacing, hanging indents, and headings centered and in bold (no title page for this assignment). 

Follow this paragraph outline for a body paragraph you can use in your expository essay:

1. Topic sentence - you will write this sentence using your own words and ideas to introduce the reader to the paragraph and to the main point you are making. There should be one central or main idea in this paragraph.
2. Paraphrased sentence - paraphrase an idea or information from the article that supports the point you are making in this paragraph. This should be an idea or information from the article but written by you in your own words and in your own order of ideas (DO NOT keep the same sentence structure as the original and just change a few words). Include the correctly formatted and punctuated in-text citation for a paraphrase. 
3. Quoted sentence - just like with the paraphrased sentence, quote a sentence from the article that has an idea or information that supports the point you are making in this paragraph. Be sure to introduce the quote with a phrase from the handout and use quotation marks. Include the correctly formatted and punctuated in-text citation for a quotation.
4. Explanatory sentence - now tell the reader, in your own words, what the quote means and how the quote supports the point you are making in this paragraph. Use the phrases in the Phrases to Introduce Sources handout to help you. 
5. Optional sentence (can be placed here or before/after sentences 2-4): paraphrase an idea from the textbook that is related to the point you are making in this paragraph. Include the correctly formatted and punctuated in-text citation for a paraphrase.
6. Concluding sentence - you will write this sentence using your own words and ideas to summarize the main point of the paragraph for your reader. This sentence can also be a transition to the ideas/points you will make in the next paragraph. 

Note: this is a practice paragraph. The main goal is to help you practice using paraphrased and quoted material as evidence in a paragraph. You do not have to use it in your paper; the ideas you used may or may not fit in your paper. Even if the paragraph as a whole does not fit your paper, the individual sentences from this paragraph can be moved to other paragraphs in your paper. 

Librarian tip: write the body of the paragraph (or paper) first, then write the topic sentence (paper intro) and concluding sentence (paper conclusion) last. Think of it as organizing and reorganizing the ideas and evidence into a logical flow first, then connecting those points with your topic sentences and concluding sentences. 
 

What is the "source" of each item: book, website, academic journal, or some other kind of source?

1. Levine, C., Rebala, P., & Vasilogambros, M. (2020, September 29). National data release sheds light on past polling place changes. The Center for Public Integrity. https://publicintegrity.org/politics/elections/ballotboxbarriers/data-release-sheds-light-on-past-polling-place-changes/

2. ---

   Anderson, R. M., & May, R. M. (1985). Vaccination and herd immunity to infectious diseases. Nature, 318(28), 323-329. https://www.nature.com/articles/318323a0.pdf?origin=ppub

3. ---

   Bowen, J. (2017). Religions in practice: An approach to the anthroplogy of religion. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315411095

4. ---

   Abbott, A.C. (2019). Child and adolescent assessment strategy and inventories. In L. Sperry (Ed.), Couple and family assessment: Contemporary and cutting-edge strategies (3rd ed., pp. 181-214). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351051620

5. ---

   Ferriss, S. (2015, August 2). Virginia pursuing school policing reforms following center probe. The Center for Public Integrity. http://www.publicintegrity.org/2015/08/01/17734/virginia-pursuing-school-policing-reforms-following-center-probe

6. ---

   Fox, M. (2020, February 24). Katherine Johnson dies at 101; Mathematician broke barriers at NASA. The New York Times. https://nyti.ms/2SRGVCK

7. ---

   Jerison, D. (2006, September 14). [Lecture notes on chain rule, and higher deriatives]. OpenCourseWare, MIT. https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/18-01-single-variable-calculus-fall-2006/lecture-notes/lec4.pdf

8. ---

   Kendi, I. X. [@ibramxk]. (2019, October 17). When giants fall, we all hear it. Congressman #ElijahCummings rest, please rest. We will continue your fight - the fight - and we will win and you will be proud [Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/B3uLa6EHzcI/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link

9. ---

   Lewis, R. (2020, February 13). A fruit fly love story: The making of a mutant 2020. DNA Science Blog. https://blogs.plos.org/dnascience/2020/02/13/a-fruit-fly-love-story-the-making-of-a-mutant-2020/

10. ---

    Atlas Pro. (2018, February 6). What’s the longest river on Earth? [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/g3Y3vCgVeM0

Are these peer-reviewed articles appropriate for your assignment (for a paper about divorce)?

1. Divorce -- Impact on children: [Letter]. (1981). The New England Journal of Medicine, 305(24), 1477. http://lynn-lang.student.lynn.edu:2048/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/divorce-impact-on-children/docview/1871048461/se-2?accountid=36334

2. Makenzie, M. (2021). Roman Espejo: Divorce and children. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 50(3), 583-586. http://lynn-lang.student.lynn.edu:2048/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/roman-espejo-i-divorce-children/docview/2493708875/se-2?accountid=36334

3. Emerson, A. J., Harris, S. M., & Ahmed, F. A. (2021). The impact of discernment counseling on individuals who decide to divorce: Experiences of post-divorce communication and coparenting. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 47(1), 36-51. http://lynn-lang.student.lynn.edu:2048/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/impact-discernment-counseling-on-individuals-who/docview/2489775695/se-2?accountid=36334

4. Prendergast, M. L. (2022). Till death do us part: Estate planning during divorce. Journal of Financial Planning, 35(8), 42-49. http://lynn-lang.student.lynn.edu:2048/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/trade-journals/till-death-do-us-part-estate-planning-during/docview/2698711261/se-2?accountid=36334

5. Smart, C. (2000). Divorce and changing family practices in a post-traditional society. Family Matters, 56, 10–19. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A76133939/EAIM?u=boca54337&sid=bookmark-EAIM&xid=c22fe6e9

6. Braff, D. (2019). Do DIY divorce apps deliver? Services promise an easier process. ABA Journal, 105(6), N.PAG. http://lynn-lang.student.lynn.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=137250609&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Are these items "peer-reviewed articles"? i.e., Were they published in a journal that uses the peer-review process?

1. Lange, A. M. C., Visser, M. M., Scholte, R. H. J., & Finkenauer, C. (2021). Parental Conflicts and Posttraumatic Stress of Children in High-Conflict Divorce Families. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 15(3), 615–625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-021-00410- OR https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9360253/ 


2. Mitchell, C. (2010). Are Divorce Studies Trustworthy? The Effects of Survey Nonresponse and Response Errors. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(4), 893-905. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00737.x OR http://lynn-lang.student.lynn.edu:2048/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/are-divorce-studies-trustworthy-effects-survey/docview/744221247/se-2


3. Kay-Flowers, S. (2019). What is known about children’s experience of parental separation and divorce? In Childhood experiences of separation and divorce: Reflections from young adults. Policy Press. https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447338659.003.0002

• Use your own article or the one linked below.
• Follow the steps on the "Evaluate Sources" page on Targeted Reading.
• Write a quote from the article conclusion and add the correct in-text citation.

Try a Google search to compare "natural language" and key term searching. 

Google these two in separate browser windows:

1. Is the use of violence ever justified as a way of achieving political change?
2. violence "political change"

Google these two in separate browser windows:

1. Does the Constitution still matter today?
2. constitution "immigration laws"

Consider:

• Do both show options for scholarly articles?
• Which one shows more newspaper articles in the results? Is that more or less helpful for you?
• Are the "people also ask" questions the same?

Read one of the papers in the document below and outline 3 of the paragraphs (the first two plus one other paragraph).

1. Find a popular article online about your topic 
   • use a Google site search to limit it to reputable sites
   • or evaluate the article you find for quality
2. Skim the article and identify the keywords used in the article
   • use those words to search in the library's main search box
   • modify the keywords to improve your results
   • try searching in a database for your topic/field
3. Use one or two scholarly/peer-reviewed articles you found in the library:
   • search for them by title in Google Scholar
   • once you find the article, use the "cited by" and "related articles" links to find more articles about your topic
   • on all the articles from the library and Google Scholar, look for keywords listed on the article (usually on the first page)
4. Repeat the process for identifying more keywords until you find enough articles

Directions:

Open the Lynn sample student paper and compare it to the paper linked below. Look at:

• APA paper format: title page, heading on this page, references heading & spacing
• APA citation format: in-text citations, reference citations

Q: What increases student grades (ie what is the x-axis)?

A: Hours spent accessing electronic resources from the library.

What do the figures mean?

In a study of over 24,000 students at the University of Wollongong, Cox and Janetti (2012) found the more students used the library's electronic resources, the higher their grades. But this effect "flattens," or slows down, the more students use the library eResources.

In a review of studies (Sterner, 2020), there is a positive correlation between library use and GPA; the students who used the library more had higher GPAs.

Cox, B, & Janetti, M. (2012). Discovering the impact of library use and student performance. Educause.   https://er.educause.edu/articles/2012/7/discovering-the-impact-of-library-use-and-student-performance 

Sterner,  E. A. (2020). Impact of academic libraries on grade point average (GPA): a review. Performance Measurement and Metrics, 22(1), 71-85. https://doi.org/10.1108/PMM-01-2020-0004

Before you begin searching, ask yourself these questions:

• Who cares enough about your topic to write or express something about it?
• What particular subject disciplines are associated with those parties interested in your topic?
• What kind of information would these stakeholders produce?
• Who is the potential audience for the information produced?
• Where is the information produced, and how is it disseminated?"

(Information Producer Model, Fenno-Smith)

1. Start with your research question/thesis/main argument:

• Write out a single question or statement for your project.
• Underline or circle 2 to 3 key terms in the sentence.
• Below each word you underlined, write a list of alternate terms that mean the same thing.

2. Use the key words you listed to search in a library database:

• Write out "search strings."
  • Create one search string for each word you underlined.
  • Connect words that are similar with an OR; put "quote marks" around phrases of two or more words.
• Put each search string into a separate line in an "advanced search" of a database. 

Try the "Evaluate these Sources quiz" before sharing this info.

Tips for lateral reading from the University of Iowa:

• When you find information from a source you haven't encountered before, do some research about the source BEFORE deciding whether you should listen to anything the source has to say.
• Try to determine a consensus about the source by researching it using Google and Wikipedia. You can search for any of the following key components:
  • Author
  • Website/Publication (Usually best, see Wikipedia tip below)
  • Funding organization (Can often be found in the website's "about" page)
  • Content (Cut and paste the title of the website into Google)
• Wikipedia tip: remove everything from a URL after the .com/ or .org/, add Wikipedia. See if there is a page about the site.
• Read a minimum of 3 to 5 new sources to see what they have to say about your original source.
• If you can't find 3 to 5 sources, that is information in itself. It means your original source doesn't have an established reputation. Proceed with caution.
• Once you determine a consensus from these new sources, make a judgment call about the original source's trustworthiness.

1. Open this article:

Mokos, M., Realdon, G., & Zubak Čižmek, I. (2020). How to increase ocean literacy for future ocean sustainability? The influence of non-formal marine science education. sustainability, 12(24), 10647. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410647

2. View this link to a "Lit Map":

https://www.litmaps.com/

3. Create a lit map by pasting the article title into the Lit Map page.