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ACRL Standard #4: The information-literate student, individually or as a member of a group, uses information effectively to accomplish a specific purpose (Frame #2 Info Creation as a Process).

Adapted from SUPER ELA!

The Quote Sandwich (to integrate a quote and avoid a "dropped quote"):

• the top layer of bread represents the introduction of the quote (According to Smith, ...)
• the filling is the quote (use quote marks!)
• the bottom bread represents an explanation of the quote (The author meant that ...)

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ACRL Standard #5: The information-literate student understands many of the ethical, legal, and social issues surrounding the use of information and information technology (Frame #3: Information has value). 

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Quoting:

Quoting is using the exact words from a source. This could be from another author or from your own previous work (self-plagiarism). It is also called a "direct quote."

Intentionally using an author's exact words, even your own, without giving the author credit is plagiarism.

When to Quote:

Generally, papers should be written in your own words and voice; you should use quotes sparingly. There are times, however, when a quote is more accurate or helpful than your own words. 

Choose to quote an author word-for-word when:

• the original words are so effective you want to share them exactly
• your goal is to analyze the author's words or compare them to another author's words
• the author is a well-known authority and you want to use the power of their words

How to Cite a Quotation:

In APA format, the three required elements are:

1. quotation marks
2. an in-text citation (which includes the author, year, and page number of the quotation)
3. a full reference list citation in the References section of the paper

Example:

It is essential to learn about plagiarism because, "when students lack an understanding of university plagiarism policy, they tend to plagiarize more" (Amida et al., 2022, p. 95).

References

Amida, A., Appianing, J., & Marafa, Y. A. (2022). Testing predictors of college students' attitudes towards plagiarism. Journal of Academic Ethics, 20(1), 85-99. 

Paraphrasing:

Paraphrasing is expressing an author's ideas or words in your own words while keeping the original meaning. Paraphrasing is much more than just changing a few words or reordering the author's ideas! 

If paraphrasing is done poorly, it is plagiarism.

How NOT to Paraphrase: 

One way students paraphrase poorly is by using the same writing style, sentence structure, order of ideas, and wording as the original (i.e., just changing a few words!).

How to Paraphrase Correctly:

1. Make sure you understand the original material by reading it carefully and looking up any unknown words or terms. 
2. Look away from, or cover the original material and express the information in your own words. Imagine you are explaining it to a family member or friend.
3. Compare your writing to the original material. Can you answer "yes" to each of these?
   • Does my paraphrase retain the original meaning of the material? 
   • Did I write in my own style and words? Did I change the sentence structure? Did I change the order of the ideas? 
4. Cite the paraphrase with an in-text citation and reference list citation following the format below.

How to Cite a Paraphrase:

In APA format, the two required elements for a paraphrase are:

• an in-text citation that includes the author and year (page or paragraph numbers are not required but you may include them)
• a full reference list citation in the References section of the paper

Example:

According to Thomas (2014), the 1998 film Shakespeare in Love is a key reason many people today are aware that, during the Elizabethan Era, women were not allowed to act in public, and men acted in the female parts instead.

References

Thomas, C. A. (2014). Antonio's (happy ending): Queer closure in all-male Twelfth Night. Comparative Drama, 48(3), 221-240.