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Citing paraphrased information:

(Author Year).

Citing a direct quote:

(Author Year, page number). OR (Author Year, para. 3).

No page numbers: section (Author Year, sec. 24) OR (Author Year, under "Background"); chapter (Author Year, chap. 8); volume (Author Year, vol. 3); timestamp (Author Year, 2:34)

Citing a source with TWO AUTHORS:

(Powell and Klotz 2012).

Citing a source with THREE AUTHORS:

(Lampel, Lant, and Shamsi 2000).

Citing a source with FOUR OR MORE AUTHORS:

(Zhao et al. 2009).

Citing a source authored by a GROUP/ORGANIZATION with NO DATE:

(World Wildlife Fund, n.d.)

Citing a source authored by a GROUP/ORGANIZATION  that has an ABBREVIATION:

(NISO 2010).

[Reference list citation: NISO (National Information Standards Organization). 2010. Bibliographic References. ANSI/NISO Z39.29-2005. Bethesda, MD: NISO, approved June 9, 2005).]

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• Do not use quotation marks.
• Block quotes always start a new line.
• Indent the whole block quote 0.05" using the indentation feature.
• The in-text citation should come after the closing punctuation mark and does not need a closing period.
• Keep the same spacing in block quotes as in the rest of the paper (CMOS, 2.23), but leave an extra space before and after a block quote. Do not indent the next line unless it begins a new paragraph.

Example:

Friedman came to his understanding of globalization through a conversation with the CEO of an Indian technology firm:

He said to me, "Tom, the playing field is being leveled." He meant that countries like India are now able to compete for global knowledge work as never before-and that America had better get ready for this. America was going to be challenged, but, he insisted, the challenge would be good for America because we are always at our best when we are being challenged. As I left the Infosys campus that evening and bounced along the road back to Bangalore, I kept chewing on that phrase: "The playing field is being leveled." What Nandan is saying, I thought, is that the playing field is being flattened...Flattened? Flattened? My God, he's telling me the world is flat! (Friedman 2007, 8)

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Author. Year. Title. Source. URL

A journal article with FOUR OR TO TEN AUTHORS:

Dreher, Jean-Clause, Etienne Koechlin, Michael Tierney, and Jordan Grafman. 2008. “Damage to the
Fronto-Polar Cortex is Associated with Impaired Multitasking.” PLOS One 3 (9): 1-9.

• In-text paraphrase: (Dreher et al. 2008).
• In-text quote: (Dreher et al. 2008, 8).

An online article/webpage with TWO AUTHORS:

Widjaya, Regina, and Sono Shah. 2024. "About 1 in 10 restaurants in the US serve Mexican food." Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/01/11/about-1-in-10-restaurants-in-the-us-serve-mexican-food/. 

• In-text paraphrase: (Widjaya and Shah 2024).
• In-text quote: (Widjaya and Shah 2024, para. 2).

A source with a GROUP AUTHOR and NO DATE:

Oregon Department of Education. n.d. "Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in K-12 Classrooms." Accessed January 19, 2024. https://www.oregon.gov/ode/educator-resources/teachingcontent/Documents/ODE_Generative_Artificial_Intelligence_(AI)_in_K-12_Classrooms_2023.pdf.

• In-text paraphrase: (Oregon Department of Education, n.d.).
• In-text quote: (Oregon Department of Education, n.d., p. 5).

Note. Only the first author's name is inverted (Last name, First name). For 10 or more authors, only list the first seven followed by et al. (CMOS 14.76).

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Essential Rules for CMOS Citation Format:

• Use BOTH citations, an in-text citation, and a reference list citation.
• Author names:
  • In the reference list, the first author's last name is listed first; the other authors' names are not inverted. 
  • Include all the authors' names in the reference list unless there are more than 10; in that case, list the first 7 and "et al." 
  • In the in-text citation, use "et al." when there are 4 or more authors.
• Titles (are in Title Case in the citations and when mentioned in the body):
  • Use italics for book, journal, blog, and movie/TV titles.
  • Use "quotation marks" for chapter titles, article titles, web article titles, and webpages. 
• Page number format: (3, 34-45; 42-9; 125-29). 
• Using a source multiple times in one paragraph: unlike APA style, Chicago A-D puts the citation at the end of the paragraph or after the last time a source is used. But, if different pages are cited, place a full in-text citation at the first reference.
• Multiple citations: To cite more than one author/article in an in-text citation, use a semicolon between names (Allen 2019; Jones n.d.-a; Jones n.d.-b; Rivers 2021; Smith 2014a; Smith 2014b; Waxman 2020). Put them in order of importance, alphabetical order, or chronological order (CMOS 15.30). 
• Missing information:
  • No page numbers: paragraph (Smith 2023, para. 3); chapter (Smith 2023, chap. 4); volume (Smith 2023, vol. 2), timestamp (Smith 2023, 2:39); section (Smith 2023, under "Discussion").
  • No date: Use n.d. in both the reference list and in-text citations (add a comma after the author for the in-text citation). Include an Accessed date in the reference list citation when there is no date. Smith, Susan. [1996?] is also acceptable  for a "guessed-at date."
  • No individual or group author: List by title in a reference list entry, do not use "Staff Writer" or "Editors" as the author. In the in-text citation, use a short version of the title (you must use the first word of the title AND use up to 4 words).
• When to shorten things (or not):
  • Abbreviate the group or organization name if it has a standard abbreviation and alphabetize the entry by the abbreviation, not the spelled-out name (i.e. CDC). 
  • Abbreviate (ed.) and (trans.) but not "edited by" and "translated by" (see Book examples). 
  • Use "and" for two or more authors - do not use "&." 
  • Use "et al." for 10 or more authors in the reference list and four or more authors in the in-text citation. If this causes confusion, add another author name for clarity: (Smith et al. 2017) will become (Smith, Baker, et al. 2017) or (Smith, Yang, et al. 2017).
  • The Serial or Oxford comma is required.