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Chicago Style (Author/Date)

Webpage on a Website with a date

Last name, First name. Year. "Title of Webpage." Website. if included, Last modified Month Day, Year. URL.

Examples:

Widjaya, Regina, and Sono Shah. 2024. "About 1 in 10 restaurants in the US serve Mexican food." Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/01/11/about-1-in-10-restaurants-in-the-us-serve-mexican-food/

  • In-text paraphrase: (Widjaya and Shah 2024).
  • In-text quote: (Widjaya and Shah 2024, para. 2).

World Wildlife Fund. 2020. "How WWF is Helping Threatened Species Adapt to Climate Change." https://www.worldwildlife.org/magazine/issues/summer-2020/articles/how-wwf-is-helping-threatened-species-adapt-to-climate-change.

  • In-text paraphrase: (World Wildlife Fund 2020).
  • In-text quote: (World Wildlife Fund 2020, para. 1).

Webpage on a Website with NO date

Website Name. n.d. "Title of Webpage." Accessed Month Day, Year. URL.

Examples:

Oregon Department of Education. n.d. "Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in K-12 Classrooms." Accessed January 19, 2024. https://www.oregon.gov/ode/educator-resources/teachingcontent/Documents/ODE_Generative_Artificial_Intelligence_(AI)_in_K-12_Classrooms_2023.pdf.

  • In-text paraphrase: (Oregon Department of Education, n.d.).
  • In-text quote: (Oregon Department of Education, n.d., p. 5).

CDC. n.d.. "Seat Belts: Get the Facts." Accessed January 19, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/transportationsafety/seatbelts/facts.html

  • In-text paraphrase: (CDC, n.d.).
  • In-text quote: (CDC, n.d., para. 3).

Blogs, Blog Posts, & Blog Comments

Last name, First name. Year. "Post Title." Blog Title (blog), Month Day, Year. URL.

Blog Post: Cite the blog in the reference list. If the word "blog" appears as part of the name, omit (blog) from the reference entry.

Example:

Cowen, Tyler. 2020. "Racial Disparity in Federal Criminal Sentences." MarginalRevolution (blog), June 13, 2020. https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2020/06/racial-disparity-in-federal-criminal-sentences.html.

  • In-text paraphrase: (Cowen 2020).
  • In-text quote: (Cowen 2020, para. 1).

Blog Comment: Comments on blog posts are not included in the reference list; instead, they should be cited in-text (CMOS, Section 15.51).

Example:

A comment on Cowen (2020) from Efim Polenov (on June 13, 2020) stated that...


Entire Blog: When referring to an entire blog, do not include a reference list citation, instead, cite the blog in-text (CMOS, Section 15.51).

Example:

Marginal Revolution, a blog published by Tyler Cowen and Alex Tabarrok from George Mason University (https://marginalrevolution.com/) ...


NoteIn Chicago style, it is sufficient to cite blog posts entirely in the text (CMOS, sections 14.208 and 15.51).

Social Media

Facebook

Last name, First name. Year. "Post text." Facebook, Month Day, Year. URL.

Example:

Bhojwani, Sayu. 2017. "What both parties should do is stop treating Asian American, African American and Latino voters as commodities. We want more than just lip service during elections.”  Facebook, November 5, 2017. https://www.facebook.com/SayuBhojwani/posts/1848553302124657.

  • In-text citation: (Bhojwani 2017).

Twitter

First name, Last name (@TwitterHandle). Year. "Post text." Twitter, Month Day, Year, Time. URL.

Example:

Obama, Barack (@BarackObama). 2017.  “All across America people chose to get involved, get engaged and stand up. Each of us can make a difference, and all of us ought to try. So go keep changing the world in 2018.” Twitter, December 29, 2017, 8:11 a.m.  https://twitter.com/BarackObama/status/946775615893655552.

  • In-text citation: (Obama 2017).

Instagram

Last name, First name (@InstagramHandle). Year. "Post text." Instagram photo, Month Day, Year. URL.

Example:

Trudeau, Justin (@justinpjtrudeau). 2019. "Wheels up for London! Stay tuned here for updates from the @nato Leaders meeting." Instagram photo, December 2, 2019. https://www.instagram.com/p/B5k8uQzAK8K/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link.

  • In-text citation: (Trudeau 2019).

Social Media Comments: cite these only in the text.

Example

User subliminalpropagandaclothing was not impressed, saying "Holy carbon footprint. How dare you" (March 12, 2020, comment on Justin Trudeau 2019). 


Note. It is sufficient to cite social media entirely in the text (CMOS, section 14.209 & 15.52).